The study will investigate the factors that promote and/or hinder policy implementation in public health and environmental protection, with primary emphasis on air pollution derived from coal combustion. A holistic approach will be taken to investigate relationships among individual behaviors and attitude, public health, government action, and local conditions by combining applied social science research techniques with environmental monitoring and large-scale public health medical data. The results will be used to: (1) generate specific policy suggestions for improved implementation of air pollution and public health regulations; (2) develop public education materials in order to combat local air pollution and improve individual health; (3) improve the physical and environmental health of the area; and (4) change energy consumption patterns in cities. Successful implementation of the strategy will provide a basis for expansion to other cites in China.