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Cities for Climate Protection Campaign
[last updated March 31, 2006 1:41 PM]
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General Information
Partnership website(s) |
Expected TimeframeJanuary Pre 2002 - December Open Ended |
Partners
| Governments:
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Major Groups:
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| UN System:
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Other intergovernmental organizations:
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| Other:
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Thematic Focus
Primary Themes:
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Secondary Themes:
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Geographic Coverage
Geographic Scope: Global
Country(ies) where the partnership is being implemented: Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Denmark, European Community, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America |
National Focal Points
This partnership has not made any contact with the national focal points for sustainable development in the countries involved
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Goals and Objectives
Summary of the partnership's goals and objectives
The Cities for Climate ProtectionTM (CCP) Campaign enlists cities to adopt policies and implement measures to achieve quantifiable reductions in local greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and enhance urban livability and sustainability. More than 650 local governments participate in the CCP, integrating climate change mitigation into their decision-making processes. ICLEI runs this highly successful and widely recognized campaign either regionally or nationally in Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, Latin America, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the United States.
Local governments join the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) campaign by passing a resolution pledging to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their local government operations and throughout their communities. To help cities achieve their goals, ICLEI then assists the cities undertake the CCP's five milestones.
Communities that participate in the CCP benefit from the actions that they take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through:
- Financial savings in reduced utility and fuel costs to the local government, households, and businesses.
- Improved local air quality, contributing to the general health and well being of the community.
- Economic development and new local jobs as investments in locally produced energy products and services keep money circulating in the local economy.
In addition, ICLEI provides regionally specific tools and technical assistance to assist local governments in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions.
Local governments join the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) campaign by passing a resolution pledging to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their local government operations and throughout their communities. To help cities achieve their goals, ICLEI then assists the cities undertake the CCP's five milestones.
Communities that participate in the CCP benefit from the actions that they take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through:
- Financial savings in reduced utility and fuel costs to the local government, households, and businesses.
- Improved local air quality, contributing to the general health and well being of the community.
- Economic development and new local jobs as investments in locally produced energy products and services keep money circulating in the local economy.
In addition, ICLEI provides regionally specific tools and technical assistance to assist local governments in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions.
Targets and Progress
Partnership targetsThe five milestones of the CCP and the methodology that underlies the milestones provide a simple, standardized means of calculating greenhouse gas emissions, of establishing targets to lower emissions, of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and of monitoring, measuring and re-porting performance. ICLEI has developed several software tools that help cities comply with the methodology.
The five milestones are: Milestone 1. Conduct a baseline emissions inventory and forecast. Based on energy consumption and waste generation, the city calculates greenhouse gas emis-sions for a base year (e.g., 2000) and for a forecast year (e.g., 2015). The inventory and forecast provide a benchmark against which the city can measure progress. Milestone 2. Adopt an emissions reduction target for the forecast year. The city establishes an emission reduction target for the city. The target both fosters political will and creates a framework to guide the planning and im-plementation of measures. Milestone 3. Develop a Local Action Plan. Through a multi-stakeholder process, the city develops a Local Action Plan that describes the policies and measures that the local government will take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve its emissions reduction target. Most plans include a timeline, a description of financing mechanisms, and an assignment of responsibility to departments and staff. In addition to direct greenhouse gas reduction measures, most plans also incorporate public aware-ness and education efforts. Milestone 4. Implement policies and measures. The city implements the policies and measures contained in their Local Action Plan. Typical policies and measures implemented by CCP' participants include energy efficiency improvements to municipal buildings and water treatment facilities, streetlight retrofits, public transit improvements, installation of renewable power applications, and methane recovery from waste management. Milestone 5. Monitor and verify results. Monitoring and verifying progress on the implementation of measures to reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions is an ongoing process. Monitoring begins once measures are implemented and continues for the life of the measures, providing important feedback that can be use to improve the measures over time. The five milestones provide a flexible framework that can accommodate varying levels of analysis, effort, and availability of data. This element makes the CCP both unique and innovative, by increasing its transferability amongst local governments. It is the breadth of this program that enables it to cross north/south, developed/developing, metropolis/town boundaries and that has made it successful worldwide. |
Progress against targetsWhile a global percentage of greenhouse gas reductions is in the process of being determined, the following statistics are available for the CCP Campaign in the United States:
- The CCP Campaign in the US collectively represents more than 55 million people - approximately 20 percent of the US population; - Together, CCP participants in the US annually reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 23 million tons, eliminating more than 43,000 tons of local air pollutants, and savings in excess of $535 million in energy and fuel costs. - These achievements are the cumulative result of annual savings of over 74 million gallons of gasoline, 4,000 gigawatt hours of electricity, 6 million therms of natural gas. |
Capacity-Building and Technology Transfer
Arrangements for Capacity-Building and Technology Transfer
- Human resources development/training
- Education/building awareness
- Institutional strengthening, including local participation
ICLEI provides cities that participate in the CCP with a range of resources as well as technical assistance and software tools. Resources available to participating cities include publications, case studies and fact sheets. CCP participants have access to the CCP Club, a password protected area of ICLEI's website exclusively available to CCP participants.
Relationship to International Agreements on Sustainable Development
How the partnership contributes to the implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
In 1993, at the invitation of ICLEI, municipal leaders met at the United Nations in New York and adopted a declaration that called for the establishment of a worldwide movement of local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and enhance urban sustainability. The result was the Cities for Climate ProtectionTM (CCP) Campaign.
ICLEI facilitated the involvement of local government in the planning and implementation of the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development. A two-year local government preparatory process emphasized consultation, coordination, and fair representation on the basis of geography and gender. The goal of our Johannesburg Summit program was to identify and evaluate concrete, strategic opportunities for local implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Conventions during the next decade, and to secure international community support for specific strategies and mechanisms to realize these opportunities.
The Johannesburg Plan of Action commits to achieving agreed-upon development goals contained in the major UN conferences and international agreements. The CCP Campaign participants establish targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and report back on these reductions.
The Johannesburg Plan of Action aims to change unsustainable patterns of consumption and production. The cities participating in ICLEI's CCP Campaign are changing these unsustainable patterns where many of them reside - at the local level. Relevant Sections of the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21
ICLEI facilitated the involvement of local government in the planning and implementation of the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development. A two-year local government preparatory process emphasized consultation, coordination, and fair representation on the basis of geography and gender. The goal of our Johannesburg Summit program was to identify and evaluate concrete, strategic opportunities for local implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Conventions during the next decade, and to secure international community support for specific strategies and mechanisms to realize these opportunities.
The Johannesburg Plan of Action commits to achieving agreed-upon development goals contained in the major UN conferences and international agreements. The CCP Campaign participants establish targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and report back on these reductions.
The Johannesburg Plan of Action aims to change unsustainable patterns of consumption and production. The cities participating in ICLEI's CCP Campaign are changing these unsustainable patterns where many of them reside - at the local level. Relevant Sections of the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21
Sectors and issues
Relevant Sections of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production ; Protection and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development ; Sustainable development in a globalizing world ; Sustainable development for Africa
Coordination and Implementation
Coordination Mechanism of the PartnershipSince its inception, the CCP Campaign has grown to involve more than 650 local governments worldwide that are integrating climate change mitigation into their decision-making processes.
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Implementation Mechanism of the PartnershipThe campaign is based on an innovative performance framework structured around five milestones that local governments commit to undertake. The milestones allow local governments to understand how municipal decisions affect energy use and how these decisions can be used to mitigate global climate change while improving community quality of life. The CCP methodology provides a simple, standardized way of acting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and of monitoring, measuring, and reporting performance.
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Resources
Funding Currently AvailableAmount in US$:
Source(s): Government - Private sector - Foundations / charities
Government - National Governments of Australia,Canada, and the US. Also, USAID and CIDA (Canada) Private Sector - BP, WMI, etc. Foundations - Rockefeller Brothers, Pew Charitable Trusts |
Non-financial resources availableType(s): Computers - Office space
Source(s): Government
Host agreements where ICLEI has its 13 international secretariats and offices located |
Funding SoughtRequired Amount in US$:
Source(s) already approached: Additional funds are continually sought to expand the program in specific countries, to expand the Campaigns regionally, and to introduce the Campaign into other countries like China.
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Non-financial resources soughtRequirement(s): Office space - Staff
To expand the Campaign into other countries and regions will require additional staff, and therefore additional workspace. Source(s) approached and details:
National governments in developing countries, and large institutions like the Asian Development Bank |
Additional Information
Additional Relevant Information
Local authorities, as key stakeholders in the implementation of Local Agenda 21 and the achievement of the Millenium Development Goals, will be actively engaged at the 14th Session of the Commission for Sustainable Development.
Within the context of sustainable development, local governments play a critical role in energy management, industrial development, air quality and climate change action, and public procurement. There are many factors that position local governments as key stakeholders in energy, air and climate issues. The decentralization of power of authority from national to local levels of government is expanding rapidly worldwide. First and foremost, local governments own and operate power plants and have the choice of energy sources in their hands. Local governments also own and operate buildings, vehicles and facilities, such as street lighting and water supply and treatment that consume large quantities of fuel and electricity. Local governments also control land use policies. They also determine where buildings and developments should be located, the ensuing mobility needs and the mix of uses that are allowed, which in turn affect energy use. Local governments make or exert influence on decisions and investments regarding road, transportation and transit systems. Local governments often have regulatory influence over or responsibility for building codes, which determine the energy efficiency of building stock. And finally, local governments manage and regulate vehicle parking, traffic flow and transit systems, thereby influencing the choice of travel mode and length of trip, which are significant determiners of transportation energy use.
Since 1992, more than 6,000 local authorities and their partners have embraced Local Agenda 21 as a framework for good governance and through that framework, are acting to achieve sustainable development in all areas of their authority. Local governments have recognized the value of cooperation and the sharing of ideas and knowledge with their counterparts. Within their own communities they have successfully expressed the many benefits ? financial, social and environmental ? of climate and air quality action within their own operations and those in their community.
LESSONS LEARNED
Energy for Sustainable Development
· Local authorities have a significant influence on energy and transportation demand. Helsinki (Finland) for example, has an efficient and economical district heating system and uses combined heat and power generation.
· Local authorities can reduce energy demand and improve efficiency through their regulatory powers. Kyoto (Japan), for example, enacted in 2005 the first global warming ordinance in Japan, which will frame all future city policy and institutional frameworks.
Industrial Development
· Local authorities? standards on air pollutants and carbon emissions promote clean electricity generation and production.
· When renewable energy is encouraged as an energy source, the energy supply is secured and new industrial development is attracted to the area. In Tamil Nadu (India) for example, a state-run program to develop renewable energy has boosted wind energy, bringing in new local enterprises.
Climate Change and Air Pollution
· Globally, local authorities are using the tools and knowledge gained through networks of co-operation and mutual support t contribute directly to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
· Improvements in vehicle efficiency standards and investments in alternative fuels and vehicles is reducing greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollutants. For example, Brisbane (Australia) has reduced a range of air toxims by 80% by switching to natural gas buses and switching diesel buses to ultra-low sulfur fuels.
· Local authorities benefit from participating in the Kyoto Mechanisms. For example, a landfill gas recovery project in Olavarrķa (Argentina) will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by over 140,000 tonnes, and has signaled the vast potential of landfill gas recovery projects.
Despite those achievements, many challenges remain in each of those areas. Local governments are concerned about the lack of recognition and support for their role in achieving renewable energy supplies, sound development, clean air and climate stability. In fewer than 25 years, over 60 per cent of the world?s population will reside in urban areas and over three quarters of the largest cities will be situated in coastal areas. Local governments still face many challenges in the area of energy, industrial development, air and climate that must be resolved if the principles and goals of sustainable development are to be achieved and the dire alternatives of inaction are to be avoided.
IDENTIFICATION OF OBSTACLES AND CONSTRAINTS
Energy for Sustainable Development
· Local authorities are constrained by national energy policies. And in the developing world, it is difficult for local authorities to develop effective, local urban energy and transportation management in the context of rapid development and large-scale investments.
· In developing countries, communities without access to sustainable, formalized energy systems may be forced to rely on unsustainable sources of energy.
Industrial Development
· Local authorities are under pressure to attract investment and industrial development, and while sustainable energy systems are economically advantageous in the long run, their initial development require a large influx of resources.
· While local authorities could attract local industry, this ability is often undermined by national policies.
Climate Change and Air Pollution
· Local authorities lack the financial capacity to address the interrelationships between energy, air, climate and sustainable development.
· Many local authorities lack the technical capacity to manage and measure climate and air quality issues as it is traditionally not their area of expertise.
· The long-term nature of the challenges of climate change and sustainable development defy the limited political mandate of most local governments.
· Emissions from vehicles have a significant impact on local air quality, yet local authorities are unable to effect vehicle efficiency policies, which are traditionally established at the national level.
Local governments are making substantial contributions to sustainable development and energy management, industrial development, air quality and climate change. As one of the Major Groups, Local Authorities will share their experience and expertise to identify barriers and constraints in implementation of sustainable development, as well as lessons learned and best practices in relation the three thematic clusters of air pollution/atmosphere, climate change, and energy and industrial development.
Within the context of sustainable development, local governments play a critical role in energy management, industrial development, air quality and climate change action, and public procurement. There are many factors that position local governments as key stakeholders in energy, air and climate issues. The decentralization of power of authority from national to local levels of government is expanding rapidly worldwide. First and foremost, local governments own and operate power plants and have the choice of energy sources in their hands. Local governments also own and operate buildings, vehicles and facilities, such as street lighting and water supply and treatment that consume large quantities of fuel and electricity. Local governments also control land use policies. They also determine where buildings and developments should be located, the ensuing mobility needs and the mix of uses that are allowed, which in turn affect energy use. Local governments make or exert influence on decisions and investments regarding road, transportation and transit systems. Local governments often have regulatory influence over or responsibility for building codes, which determine the energy efficiency of building stock. And finally, local governments manage and regulate vehicle parking, traffic flow and transit systems, thereby influencing the choice of travel mode and length of trip, which are significant determiners of transportation energy use.
Since 1992, more than 6,000 local authorities and their partners have embraced Local Agenda 21 as a framework for good governance and through that framework, are acting to achieve sustainable development in all areas of their authority. Local governments have recognized the value of cooperation and the sharing of ideas and knowledge with their counterparts. Within their own communities they have successfully expressed the many benefits ? financial, social and environmental ? of climate and air quality action within their own operations and those in their community.
LESSONS LEARNED
Energy for Sustainable Development
· Local authorities have a significant influence on energy and transportation demand. Helsinki (Finland) for example, has an efficient and economical district heating system and uses combined heat and power generation.
· Local authorities can reduce energy demand and improve efficiency through their regulatory powers. Kyoto (Japan), for example, enacted in 2005 the first global warming ordinance in Japan, which will frame all future city policy and institutional frameworks.
Industrial Development
· Local authorities? standards on air pollutants and carbon emissions promote clean electricity generation and production.
· When renewable energy is encouraged as an energy source, the energy supply is secured and new industrial development is attracted to the area. In Tamil Nadu (India) for example, a state-run program to develop renewable energy has boosted wind energy, bringing in new local enterprises.
Climate Change and Air Pollution
· Globally, local authorities are using the tools and knowledge gained through networks of co-operation and mutual support t contribute directly to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
· Improvements in vehicle efficiency standards and investments in alternative fuels and vehicles is reducing greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollutants. For example, Brisbane (Australia) has reduced a range of air toxims by 80% by switching to natural gas buses and switching diesel buses to ultra-low sulfur fuels.
· Local authorities benefit from participating in the Kyoto Mechanisms. For example, a landfill gas recovery project in Olavarrķa (Argentina) will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by over 140,000 tonnes, and has signaled the vast potential of landfill gas recovery projects.
Despite those achievements, many challenges remain in each of those areas. Local governments are concerned about the lack of recognition and support for their role in achieving renewable energy supplies, sound development, clean air and climate stability. In fewer than 25 years, over 60 per cent of the world?s population will reside in urban areas and over three quarters of the largest cities will be situated in coastal areas. Local governments still face many challenges in the area of energy, industrial development, air and climate that must be resolved if the principles and goals of sustainable development are to be achieved and the dire alternatives of inaction are to be avoided.
IDENTIFICATION OF OBSTACLES AND CONSTRAINTS
Energy for Sustainable Development
· Local authorities are constrained by national energy policies. And in the developing world, it is difficult for local authorities to develop effective, local urban energy and transportation management in the context of rapid development and large-scale investments.
· In developing countries, communities without access to sustainable, formalized energy systems may be forced to rely on unsustainable sources of energy.
Industrial Development
· Local authorities are under pressure to attract investment and industrial development, and while sustainable energy systems are economically advantageous in the long run, their initial development require a large influx of resources.
· While local authorities could attract local industry, this ability is often undermined by national policies.
Climate Change and Air Pollution
· Local authorities lack the financial capacity to address the interrelationships between energy, air, climate and sustainable development.
· Many local authorities lack the technical capacity to manage and measure climate and air quality issues as it is traditionally not their area of expertise.
· The long-term nature of the challenges of climate change and sustainable development defy the limited political mandate of most local governments.
· Emissions from vehicles have a significant impact on local air quality, yet local authorities are unable to effect vehicle efficiency policies, which are traditionally established at the national level.
Local governments are making substantial contributions to sustainable development and energy management, industrial development, air quality and climate change. As one of the Major Groups, Local Authorities will share their experience and expertise to identify barriers and constraints in implementation of sustainable development, as well as lessons learned and best practices in relation the three thematic clusters of air pollution/atmosphere, climate change, and energy and industrial development.